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百日咳的病理

来源:华人健康网 | 发布时间:2010-12-25 09:14:32 | www.chinesejk.com

  病菌进入人体后,即粘附在呼吸道上皮细胞上,并在该处繁殖,产生毒素。粘着后即抑制上皮细胞纤毛的正常摆动功能,细菌毒素还可使上皮细胞纤毛麻痹、细胞坏死。支气管粘膜广泛炎症,粘液分泌增多,纤毛损害,影响粘液的排除,粘液持续刺激支气管粘膜感觉神经末梢,反射性地引起剧烈的连续性咳嗽。也有人认为痉咳是咳嗽中枢对该菌过敏所致。该菌可产生多种细胞产物如组织胺致敏因子(histamine sensitization factor,HSF),提高人体对环境和生化刺激物的敏感性,促淋巴细胞增生因子(lymphocytosis promoting factor,LPF)使淋巴细胞增多;胰岛活性蛋白(isletsactivating protein,IAP)能促使胰岛素发泌增多,可引起临床上的低血糖症状。这些物质与百日咳杆菌所产生的外毒素有关,可引起细胞坏死和全身症状。

  细菌在上皮细胞粘着、繁殖后可引起支气管上皮的中层和基层坏死,伴中性粒细胞侵润,及百日咳的典型病理变化。尸解常见支气管周围浸润和间质性肺炎。由于粘液团导致小支气管的完全或部分阻塞,因而可见局部的肺不张和肺气肿。支气管肺炎则多因继发其他细菌性感染所致。脑部可有充血、点状出血,尤多见于惊厥者。脑实质或蛛网膜下腔大量出血尚不多见,可有脑水肿和神经细胞变性。

(编辑:小珊 )

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