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小儿哮喘急性发作的症状

来源:华人健康网 | 发布时间:2010-12-12 10:47:29 | www.chinesejk.com

  急性发作时,患儿烦躁不安,端坐呼吸,耸肩喘息,以呼气性困难更为显着,面色苍白,鼻翼扇动,口唇及指甲青紫,全身冒冷汗,辅助呼吸肌收缩,自诉胸闷、气短,甚至说话时字词不能连续。经过适当处理,如果咳嗽后能排出白色粘稠痰液,症状可稍为减轻。婴幼儿以腹式呼吸为主,因其胸廓柔软,常不出现端坐呼吸,但常喜家长抱着,头部俯贴于家长肩上,情绪不安、烦躁等。吸气时出现三凹征,即胸骨上窝、锁骨上窝、肋弓下部呈现凹陷,而在呼气时因胸腔内压增高,胸骨上下部反见凸出。年长儿可见颈静脉怒张。

  听诊可有哮鸣音或干湿罗音,有时呼吸音可被其掩盖,如气道梗阻严重,呼吸音可明显减弱。心率常加快,出现肺气肿时肝脾于肋下可触及,严重病例可并发心力衰竭。

(编辑:小鱼 )

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